Jazz split, also James Brown split, freeze, front split, often with the back leg bent, sometimes used as a drop.
History
Splits have long histories in numerous physical activities.1 Notable dancers who would jump or drop into jazz splits include the Nicholas Brothers and later James Brown. Inspired by Brown, breakers in the early 1970s did jazz splits—one of the earliest drops in breaking .
Variations
Rummenigge
Also scissor freeze. Jazz split leaning to the side of the front leg, often entered with a kick, inside sweep, or blender. Developed by Speedy, evolving from the concept of "bringing his body from the back directly to the front without making a circle" . Presumably named for Karl-Heinz Rummenigge's bicycle/scissor kick.
Footnotes
On the split in jazz dance, according to Stearns and Stearns:
The split probably came from early ballet, diluted past recognition in vaudeville. (Some think it originated among circus acrobats.) Writing about the high-kicking craze in 1894, with Charlotte Greenwood, Joe Laurie, Jr., observes that with the high kicks "came the splits and different forms of legomania that lasted for about four years and then gradually settled down to a standard form of vaudeville dancing." During the [eighteen] nineties, however, a split consisted of a gentle sinking to a sitting position. In the heat of competition vernacular dancers had to make the split more dramatic.